The family of a San Antonio woman who died after allegedly being denied an abortion despite life-threatening pregnancy complications filed suit Tuesday in the District Court of Bexar County, Texas, challenging the state’s abortion bans as unconstitutional and accusing state officials and her health care providers of violating federal law.
Tierra Walker was 37 years old and roughly 20 weeks pregnant when she died on December 30, 2024, of hypertensive cardiovascular disease with superimposed preeclampsia, according to the Bexar County Medical Examiner’s Office. The petition alleges an abortion at any point would have saved her life, and no provider offered her one.
The suit names eight defendants. A claim under 42 USC § 1983 alleges deprivation of Walker’s Fourteenth Amendment right to life against Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton and Texas Medical Board Executive Director Stephen Brint Carlton individually, along with three of her physicians. A separate count alleges Bexar County Hospital District, operating as University Health, violated the federal Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act (EMTALA) by discharging Walker twice without stabilizing treatment. The petition brings Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and medical negligence claims against University Health and the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, and asks the court to declare the bans unconstitutionally vague. The plaintiffs seek damages exceeding $1 million and declaratory relief.
The suit also names Bexar County District Attorney Joe Gonzales in his official capacity because of his authority to prosecute alleged criminal violations of the bans. The plaintiffs seek a declaration against Gonzales, Paxton, and Carlton that the laws are unconstitutionally vague and violate the Texas Constitution’s protection against deprivation of life without due course of law.
Citing Whitton v. City of Houston (1987), which held that a state “exercising coercion, dominion, or restraint” over a person assumes a duty to care for her, the plaintiffs contend Walker was effectively in state custody: the bans barred an abortion in Texas, and her uninsured status confined her to University Health facilities. The petition also points to Paxton’s opposition to federal guidance that EMTALA can require abortion as stabilizing treatment. After securing a partial injunction against that guidance in 2022, Paxton said he would not let federal officials turn Texas hospitals into “walk-in abortion clinics.”
Walker had chronic hypertension, Type 2 diabetes and a prior pregnancy that ended in preeclampsia and twin fetal death. According to the filing, she was hospitalized repeatedly beginning in September 2024 with seizures, hypertensive crises and a severe blood clot, and medical records quoted in the petition stated that she faced a high risk of death. She was diagnosed with severe preeclampsia on December 27 and discharged hours later. Her son found her dead three days afterward, on his 15th birthday.
During a press call hosted Wednesday by Amplify Legal, the legal arm of Abortion in America, attorneys for the family said state officials’ rhetoric has reduced the statutory medical emergency exception to “nothing more than words on a page,” in the words of Amplify Legal’s Molly Duane. “Texas governmental leaders have created a toxic environment of fear,” said Michelle Maloney of the Marynell Maloney Law Firm, who argued doctors can lawfully provide life-saving care but are scared to do so. Lead plaintiff LaTanya Walker, Tierra’s aunt, described her niece as the glue that held the family together.
Texas’ trigger ban carries up to 99 years’ imprisonment and mandatory license revocation for doctors who perform prohibited abortions, while allowing an exception for life-threatening conditions. In State v. Zurawski (2024), the Texas Supreme Court held that Texas law permits physicians to perform abortions when, in their reasonable medical judgment, a pregnancy-related condition threatens a patient’s life or a major bodily function, and rejected a broader injunction against the bans. The Walker petition argues that holding physicians responsible for applying that exception provides little recourse to patients at public hospitals because the Texas Tort Claims Act substantially restricts liability for failures to provide treatment.
University Health said it cannot comment on pending litigation, adding that clinicians decided based on “clinical condition, applicable medical standards and legal requirements.” UT Health Science Center said it had no information to offer. The Medical Board declined to comment. None of the allegations have been tested in court.